Flight Test and Ground Test
Section 04: Certification Process Mechanics
Definition
The two primary categories of physical testing used to demonstrate compliance with airworthiness requirements. Flight tests are conducted with the aircraft in flight and are used to demonstrate performance, flying qualities, stall characteristics, systems functionality in the flight environment, and other characteristics that can only be adequately evaluated in actual flight conditions. Ground tests encompass all testing performed on the ground, including structural static and fatigue testing, systems integration testing, environmental testing, engine tests, and component-level testing. The certification basis determines which requirements may be shown by analysis alone and which require physical testing.
Where This Shows Up
The boundary between what must be flight-tested and what can be demonstrated by ground testing or analysis is a significant element of the certification planning process. Flight testing is generally the most expensive and schedule-critical compliance activity. The authority determines, through the means of compliance agreement, which requirements require flight test demonstration versus ground test or analysis.
Need help with the certification process? or see certification data support.
Primary Sources
FAA requirements for flight testing during type certification.
FAA requirements for inspections and tests (including ground tests) during type certification.
Related Terms
Explore Further
Need help with the certification process?
Understanding the terminology is the first step. When you need the work done, our engineers review the records and evidence behind it.